QUAID I AZAM MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH: THE FATHER OF PAKISTAN
A Tribute to the Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah on his 126th Birth Anniversary
by The World Today Web Newspaper
COMPILED BY:
MUMTAZ HAMID RAO, EDITOR IN CHIEF
GREAT people celebrate birthdays
or observe death anniversaries of the Fathers of their
nations not merely by pompous display of festivities but by strictly following
the precepts and guidelines left by their founding fathers in letter and spirit.
On Quaid’s 126th birthday anniversary, the soul of the Quaid would be restful
with satisfaction to see the democracy surfacing in the country of his creation
after a dictatorial darkness of another three years. The Quaid was a democrat,
both in thought and action. No dictator in modem history has been more powerful
than the Quaid whose word was law for his followers. But he never acted like a
dictator. He derived his power from the people to whom he always considered
himself accountable. At a time he
was offered life presidentship of the All India Muslim League. He refused by
saying that he would like to come before the Muslim League Council every year
and get himself elected its president on the strength of his performance.
Few individuals
significantly alter the course of history.
Fewer still modify the map of the world.
Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state.
Mohammad Ali Jinnah did all three.
|
Stanley
Wolpret
-Jinnah of
Pakistan
|
He had a firm faith in the
democratic system of Government and throughout his life he continued to adhere
scrupulousy to the democratic norms. Muslim League activist had assembled at a
Muslim League General Council meeting under his presidentship. He invited
participants to express their views. The councillors said “You are our leaders,
you order and we-will follow.” The Quaid said what was fun of assembling people
from every nook and comer of the country. If he was to order, he would have
issued a statement in the press.
It was through the democratic process that he was able to spearhead the Muslim
freedom movement. This was one of the biggest mass movement in the history of
All India Muslim League. Later as Governor-General of Pakistan he acted strictly
in accordance with, universally accepted rules of business. Such was his stature
and so commanding was his hold over the Muslim rank and life that an ordinary
man would have turned autocratic in attitude and dealings but not so the Quaid.
He was a constitutionalist.
When he was Governor-General Pakistan Government placed an order for purchase of
an aeroplane for his travelling. The plane construction company suggested that
certain additional accessories would enable the Governor-General to work while
flying. The Governor staff accepted the proposal. When the file went to the
Finance Ministry the Finance Minister observed that prior approval should have
been sought from his Ministry. The Government had no funds for the additional
accessories. The Quaid agreed with the Finance Minister and cancelled the order.
The Quaid would not deviate from the path of constitutional procedure even if it
meant a delay in the achievement of his goal. He was in a position to take
decision on his own but he never did so and always sought the approval of the
Muslim League Working Committee. On
the eve of independence British Viceroy sought an instant reply and threatened
that otherwise he would not get Pakistan. The Quaid replied that he would answer
only after the concurrence of the Muslim League Working Committee. Pakistan was
achieved through the democratic process and it can progress only by pursuing the
path of democracy.
Now that democracy has returned to Pakistan it is appropriate that we pledge
afresh to follow the Quaid’s views to strengthen the roots of democracy in
Pakistan.
Principle on which the Quaid laid great emphasis in his practice as well in
pronouncements was that of democracy. Quaid-i-Azam in his presidential address
at the session of the All India Muslim League in Delhi on April 24, 1943
envisioned the Government of Pakistan in the words: “ I have no doubt in my
mind, that a large body of us visualise Pakistan as the people’s Government.
Either you seize it by force or get it by agreement. You will elect your
representatives to the constitution making body. You may not know how to use it
This would be your fault. But I am sure, democracy is in our blood, It is in our
marrow. Only centuries of adverse circumstances have made the circulation of
that blood cold. It has got frozen and your arteries are not fimctioning. But
thank God, the blood arculating again. Thanks to the Muslim League’s effort. It
will be a people’s Government.”
For the Quaid, democracy and Supremacy of people’s will was the paramount
political philosophy. It was through democratic process that Quaid-i-Azam guided
the Pakistan movement and rallied 90 million Muslims of the sub-continent round
the motto of “Unity, Faith and Discipline.” It was the democratic and dynamic
leadership of the Quaid, that a large number of Muslims were united under one
banner and at his beck and call. At a public meeting on March 21, 1948, the
Quaid said:
“The Government can only have for its aim one objective-how to serve people, how
to devise ways and means of their welfare, for their betterment What other
object can the Government have and remember now, it is in your hands to put the
Government in power. But you should not do it by mob methods. You have the
power. You must learn the art to use it. Constitutionally it is in your hands to
upset our Government and put other Government in power if you are dissatisfied
to such an extent
The Quaid-i-Azam was a great exponent of social justice. In this speech at
Delhi, about
capitalism and vicious designs of
landlords who flourished at the expense of the common man, he said:
“Here I should like to give a warning to land lords and capitalists who
flourished at our expense by a system which is so wicked, which is so vicious
and which makes them selfish,, that it is ‘difficult to reason with them. The
exploitation of masses have gone into their blood. They have forgotten the
lesson of Islam. Greed and selfishness have overpowered ‘them. A lot of mischief
is created. Is going to bit an Islamic State? Is it not a cause of
begging a question? Is it not a
case of passing vote of censure on yourself? The constitution of the government
will be what the people will decide.”
The Quaid was all for welfare of the masses. In his address to the Constituent
Assembly at Karachi on August 11, 1947 he said:
“Now I want to make this State of Pakistan happy and prosperous and we should
wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people and specially of
the masses and the poor.”
After the establishment of Pakistan,, the Quaid refused to continue as the
President of the Muslim League because as, the head of State he could not
function as the head of a political party. Combining the two offices in one
person, he considered it was violation of the democratic principles.
The Quaid was a great champion of the freedom of the press and advocate of civil
liberties. He always played the game of politics according to the established
rules of democracy. He was indeed democracy personified.
The Quaid could give to his countrymen a constitution on his own which would
have been accepted without any hesitation but he left it to the elected
representatives of the people of Pakistan to frame their own constitution. It
was Quaid-i-Azam’s democratic temperament which did not like to dictate the
Constitution he would have liked.
In a broadcast talk to the people of the United States of America in February,
1948, the Quaid said: “The constitution of Pakistan has yet to be Framed by the
Pakistan’s constituent Assembly. I do not know what the ultimate shape of the
constitution is going to be, but I
am sure it win be a democratic
constitution embodying the essential principle of Islam, as Islam and its
idealism has taught us democracy.” In February, 1948, at the Sibbi Darbar,
Quaid-i-Azam reiterated his belief that our salvation lies in following the
golden conduct set before us by our great law giver the Holy Prophet of Islam
(SAW). Let us lay the foundation of our democracy on the basis of Islamic ideals
and principles. The breakup of East Pakistan in 1971 was the result of deviating
from the democratic path. The absence of democracy had led to widespread sense
of alienation among the very people who had struggled so hard for the creation
of Pakistan.
Political instability started right after the early death of the Quaid. May be
if he had survived for a few more years, Pakistan would be more politically
strong and stable in the democratic form of government.
A befitting tribute has been paid to the Quaid by Mr. Lansrence Zining ,
Professor of Political science in Western Michigan University (NSA) in his
article, “Quaid the indormittable democrat”, he said, “ Jinnah had to overcome
the British. He had to overcome Hindu dominated Congress Party. The burden of
leadership hung very heavy on that thin and tall frame. He was very successful
in his contest with the British. He was most successful in his contest with the
Hindus, the only man to defeat Gandhi.” Now that democracy has returned let us
pledge not to derail it again.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE QUAID
Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25th December 1876 at Vazeer
Mansion Karachi, was the first of seven children of Jinnahbhai, a prosperous
merchant. After being taught at home, Jinnah was sent to the Sindh Madrasasah
High School in 1887. Later he attended the Mission High School, where, at the
age of 16, he passed the
matriculation examination of the University of Bombay. On the advice of an
English friend, his father decided to send him to England to acquire business
experience. Jinnah, however, had made up his mind to become a barrister. In
keeping with the custom of the time, his parents arranged for an early for him
before he left for England.
In London he joined Lincoln's Inn, one of the legal societies that prepared
students for the bar. In 1895, at the age of 19, he was called to the bar. While
in London, Jinnah suffered two severe bereavements-the deaths of his wife and
his mother. Nevertheless, he completed his formal studies and also made a study
of the British political system, frequently visiting the House of Commons. He
was greatly influenced by the liberalism of
William E. Gladstone, who had become prime minister for the fourth time in 1892,
the year of Jinnah's arrival in London. Jinnah also took a keen interest in the
affairs of India and in Indian students. When the Parsi leader Dadabhai Naoroji,
a leading Indian nationalist, ran for the English Parliament, Jinnah and other
Indian students worked day and night for him. Their efforts were crowned with
success, and Naoroji became the first Indian to sit in the House of Commons.
When Jinnah returned to Karachi in 1896, he found that his father's business had
suffered losses and that he now had to depend on himself. He decided to start
his legal practice in Bombay, but it took him years of work to establish himself
as a lawyer. Pakistan thus emerged as an independent state in 14th August, 1947.
Jinnah became the first head of the new state i.e. Pakistan. He took oath as the
first governor general on August 15, 1947. Faced with the serious problems of a
young nation, he tackled Pakistan's problems with authority. He was not regarded
as merely the governor-general; he was revered as the father of the nation. He
worked hard until overpowered by age and disease in Karachi. He died on 11th of
September, 1948 at Karachi.
JINNAH: HOW INTELLECTUALS ACROSS THE WORLD
LOOK AT! |
THE FATHER OF PAKISTAN by
Michael Fathers (Time Magazine)
Jinnah's Legacy to Pakistan-
Lecture by Prof. Stanley Wolpert
THE FATHER OF THE NATION AND
KASHMIR